Avanceret guide til serveradministration og optimering

1. Serverydelsesjustering

Kerne-niveau optimering

• Specialtilpassede kerner: Linux 6.x med BBR2 trængselstyring

• TCP Stack-justeringer:

  # Forøg TCP maks bufferstørrelser
  echo 'net.core.rmem_max=4194304' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
  echo 'net.core.wmem_max=4194304' >> /etc/sysctl.conf

• Swappiness justering: Sat til 10 for databaseservere

Databaseoptimering

• Specifikt for MySQL 8.0+:

  SET GLOBAL innodb_buffer_pool_size=12G; -- For 16GB RAM servere
  SET GLOBAL innodb_io_capacity=2000; -- For SSD/NVMe lagring

• PostgreSQL 14+ tuning:

  ALTER SYSTEM SET shared_buffers = '4GB';
  ALTER SYSTEM SET effective_cache_size = '12GB';

2. Avancerede sikkerhedskonfigurationer

Zero-Trust implementering

• Netværkssegmentering:

  • Frontend-servere i DMZ med strenge adgangsregler

  • Databaseservere i privat VLAN med kun whitelistede IP’er

• Tjeneste-til-tjeneste autentificering:

  • Mutual TLS (mTLS) til intern kommunikation

  • SPIFFE/SPIRE til identitetsstyring

Kørselsbeskyttelse:

# Installer og konfigurer Falco til runtime-sikkerhed
curl -s https://falco.org/repo/falcosecurity-3672BA8F.asc | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://download.falco.org/packages/deb stable main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/falcosecurity.list
apt-get update && apt-get install -y falco

3. Container- og orkestreringsopsætning

Kubernetes optimering

# Produktionsklar K8s-manifestuddrag
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "2"
            memory: "4Gi"
          requests:
            cpu: "1"
            memory: "2Gi"
      topologySpreadConstraints:
      - maxSkew: 1
        topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
        whenUnsatisfiable: ScheduleAnyway

Service Mesh konfiguration

# Istio optimerede indstillinger
istioctl install --set profile=default \
--set values.global.proxy.resources.limits.cpu=2000m \
--set values.global.proxy.resources.limits.memory=1024Mi

4. CI/CD pipeline integration

GitOps arbejdsflow

// Jenkinsfile eksempel for zero-downtime deploys
pipeline {
    stages {
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                sh 'kubectl apply -f k8s/ --prune -l app=myapp'
                timeout(time: 15, unit: 'MINUTES') {
                    input message: 'Godkend produktion?'
                }
            }
        }
    }
    post {
        failure {
            slackSend channel: '#alerts', message: "Build ${currentBuild.number} mislykkedes!"
        }
    }
}

5. Monitoreringsstack-implementering

Observability Suite

# Prometheus + Grafana + Loki stack
version: '3'
services:
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:v2.40.0
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:9.3.2
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"

Tilpasset metriksindsamling

# Eksempel på Python-exporter til tilpassede forretningsmetrikker
from prometheus_client import start_http_server, Gauge
import random

REQUEST_LATENCY = Gauge('app_request_latency', 'Applikationslatenstid i ms')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_http_server(8000)
    while True:
        REQUEST_LATENCY.set(random.randint(1, 100))

6. Disaster Recovery protokoller

Automatiseret failover test

# Chaos engineering script
#!/bin/bash
# Tilfældigt afslut noder for at teste robusthed
NODES=$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}')
TARGET=$(shuf -e -n1 $NODES)
echo "Afslutter node $TARGET"
gcloud compute instances delete $TARGET --zone=us-central1-a

7. Edge computing udvidelser

Avancerede CDN-regler

// Cloudflare Workers script til edge-logik
addEventListener('fetch', event => {
  event.respondWith(handleRequest(event.request))
})

async function handleRequest(request) {
  const url = new URL(request.url)
  if (url.pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
    return new Response('Blokeret ved edge', { status: 403 })
  }
  return fetch(request)
}

8. Omkostningsoptimeringsstrategier

Spot-instans automatisering

# AWS Spot Fleet konfiguration
resource "aws_spot_fleet_request" "workers" {
  iam_fleet_role  = "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/spot-fleet"
  target_capacity = 10
  allocation_strategy = "diversified"

  launch_specification {
    instance_type = "m5.large"
    ami           = "ami-123456"
    spot_price    = "0.05"
  }
}